Basic Authentication

This task provides instructions for configuring HTTP Basic authentication. HTTP Basic authentication checks if an incoming request has a valid username and password before routing the request to a backend service.

Envoy Gateway introduces a new CRD called SecurityPolicy that allows the user to configure HTTP Basic authentication. This instantiated resource can be linked to a Gateway, HTTPRoute or GRPCRoute resource.

Prerequisites

Follow the steps from the Quickstart to install Envoy Gateway and the example manifest. Before proceeding, you should be able to query the example backend using HTTP.

Configuration

Envoy Gateway uses .htpasswd format to store the username-password pairs for authentication. The file must be stored in a kubernetes secret and referenced in the SecurityPolicy configuration. The secret is an Opaque secret, and the username-password pairs must be stored in the key “.htpasswd”.

Create a root certificate

Create a root certificate and private key to sign certificates:

openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=example Inc./CN=example.com' -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt

Create a certificate secret

Create a certificate and a private key for www.example.com:

openssl req -out www.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout www.example.com.key -subj "/CN=www.example.com/O=example organization"
openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in www.example.com.csr -out www.example.com.crt

Create certificate

kubectl create secret tls example-cert --key=www.example.com.key --cert=www.example.com.crt

Enable HTTPS

Update the Gateway from the Quickstart to include an HTTPS listener that listens on port 443 and references the example-cert Secret:

kubectl patch gateway eg --type=json --patch '
  - op: add
    path: /spec/listeners/-
    value:
      name: https
      protocol: HTTPS
      port: 443
      tls:
        mode: Terminate
        certificateRefs:
          - kind: Secret
            group: ""
            name: example-cert
  '

Create a .htpasswd file

First, create a .htpasswd file with the username and password you want to use for authentication.

Note: Please always use HTTPS with Basic Authentication. This prevents credentials from being transmitted in plain text.

The input password won’t be saved, instead, a hash will be generated and saved in the output file. When a request tries to access protected resources, the password in the “Authorization” HTTP header will be hashed and compared with the saved hash.

Note: only SHA hash algorithm is supported for now.

htpasswd -cbs .htpasswd foo bar

You can also add more users to the file:

htpasswd -bs .htpasswd foo1 bar1

Create a basic-auth secret

Next, create a kubernetes secret with the generated .htpasswd file in the previous step.

kubectl create secret generic basic-auth --from-file=.htpasswd

Create a SecurityPolicy

The below example defines a SecurityPolicy that authenticates requests against the user list in the kubernetes secret generated in the previous step.

cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: gateway.envoyproxy.io/v1alpha1
kind: SecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: basic-auth-example
spec:
  targetRef:
    group: gateway.networking.k8s.io
    kind: HTTPRoute
    name: backend
  basicAuth:
    users:
      name: "basic-auth"
EOF

Verify the SecurityPolicy configuration:

kubectl get securitypolicy/basic-auth-example -o yaml

Testing

Ensure the GATEWAY_HOST environment variable from the Quickstart is set. If not, follow the Quickstart instructions to set the variable.

echo $GATEWAY_HOST

Send a request to the backend service without Authentication header:

curl -v -H "Host: www.example.com" "http://${GATEWAY_HOST}/"

You should see 401 Unauthorized in the response, indicating that the request is not allowed without authentication.

* Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 443
...
* Server certificate:
*  subject: CN=www.example.com; O=example organization
*  issuer: O=example Inc.; CN=example.com
> GET / HTTP/2
> Host: www.example.com
> User-Agent: curl/8.6.0
> Accept: */*
...
< HTTP/2 401
< content-length: 58
< content-type: text/plain
< date: Wed, 06 Mar 2024 15:59:36 GMT
<

* Connection #0 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
User authentication failed. Missing username and password.

Send a request to the backend service with Authentication header:

curl -kv -H "Host: www.example.com" -u 'foo:bar' "https://${GATEWAY_HOST}/" 

The request should be allowed and you should see the response from the backend service.

## Clean-Up

Follow the steps from the [Quickstart](../../quickstart) to uninstall Envoy Gateway and the example manifest.

Delete the SecurityPolicy and the secret

```shell
kubectl delete securitypolicy/basic-auth-example
kubectl delete secret/basic-auth
kubectl delete secret/example-cert

Next Steps

Checkout the Developer Guide to get involved in the project.